Publications and Plain Language Summaries

Abstract Objective: Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people with HIV (PWH), who face a greater risk than the general population. An […]

Abstract Background: We evaluated baseline hypertension prevalence and control and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) among low-to-moderate traditional cardiovascular (CVD) risk people with HIV […]

Abstract Objective: To determine whether pitavastatin reduces enterocyte injury, assessed by intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), among antiretroviral therapy-treated people with HIV (PWH) enrolled in the […]

Abstract Background: Residual major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) risk persists despite successful prevention ofcardiovascular disease (CVD) with statin therapy among people with HIV (PWH). Identifying key […]

Commentary The 2026 ACC/AHA/Multisociety Guideline on the Management of Dyslipidemia ushers in a new era of evidence-based clinical practice, including a focus on preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular […]

Abstract Background: People living with HIV have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but data on the development and consequences of hypertension remain limited. Using data from […]

Abstract Background: Integrase strand-transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are linked to weight gain, but data on their cardiometabolic effects, particularly major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), are scarce. We aimed […]

Abstract Background: The Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE) found a 36% reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) with pitavastatin in people with […]

Abstract Background: People with HIV (PWH) may have a higher risk of heart failure (HF) due to traditional and HIV-related factors. Incidence and risk prediction of HF […]

Abstract Background: With antiretroviral therapy, people with HIV (PWH) have an increased burden of cardiovascular disease. The REPRIEVE (Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV) trial […]

Abstract Background: The effects of statin therapy on pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) and its relationship with plaque progression and outcomes in people with HIV (PWH) remain poorly […]

Abstract Background: There is limited evidence concerning the relationship between cardiometabolic characteristics and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and potential effects of statin therapy among people with […]

Abstract Background: People with HIV (PWH) experience higher cardiovascular disease event rates not fully explained by traditional risk factors. Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), an emerging […]

Abstract We performed a win ratio (WR) analysis of REPRIEVE, a randomized trial of pitavastatin vs placebo for CVD in people with HIV, to assess robustness […]

Abstract Background: REPRIEVE findings catalyzed changes to multiple guidelines directing statin therapy prescribing for people with HIV (PWH). US guidelines use the Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE)-derived 10-year […]

Abstract Background: Statin therapy lowers the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) among people with HIV (PWH). Residual risk pathways contributing to excess MACE beyond low-density […]

Abstract Background: Skeletal muscle area (MA) and muscle density (MD) are key determinants of physical function and typically decline with increasing age. Statins have well-known musculoskeletal effects […]

Abstract Background: People with HIV (PWH) are at increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs) and geriatric syndromes, including frailty. REPRIEVE (Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events […]

Abstract Objective: Effects of statins on neurocognitive function remain poorly understood, with some studies suggesting harm and others suggesting benefit. Limited observational data among people with HIV […]

Abstract Background Pitavastatin to REduce Physical Function Impairment and FRailty in HIV (PREPARE) found small declines in physical function overall among people with HIV (PWH). However, […]

Abstract Background People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PWH) exhibit increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and accelerated biological aging. REPRIEVE demonstrated that pitavastatin reduced major adverse […]

Abstract Background In the REPRIEVE trial of statin therapy in people with HIV, pitavastatin reduced major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) among those with low-to-moderate risk of […]

Abstract Objective People with HIV (PWH) are at increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) but the mechanisms are unclear limiting prevention efforts. We leveraged the […]

Abstract Background In REPRIEVE (Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV), pitavastatin prevented major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and reduced noncalcified coronary plaque (NCP) among […]

Abstract Background PWH face increased risks of major adverse cardiovascular disease (MACE), partially mitigated by statin therapy. Methods We characterized factors associated with MACE and MACE […]

Abstract Background Given the pleiotropic effects of statins beyond lipid-lowering, statins might positively impact other, non-cardiovascular diseases (non-CVDs). In this study, we prospectively assessed statin effects […]

Abstract Background Prior analyses suggest nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) abacavir (ABC), but not tenofovir (TFV), is associated with a 2-fold increase in the hazard of […]

Abstract Background Risk estimation is an essential component of cardiovascular disease prevention among people with HIV. We aimed to characterise how well atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) […]

Abstract Importance  In a mechanistic substudy of the Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE) randomized clinical trial, pitavastatin reduced noncalcified plaque (NCP) volume, but […]

Abstract Background: Among people with HIV (PWH), COVID-19 is common and potentially severe. We leveraged REPRIEVE to assess the effects of statin therapy for cardiovascular disease […]

Abstract Background: REPRIEVE (Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV) led to new guidelines for statin use among people with HIV (PWH) with low to […]

Abstract Objectives: To determine baseline prevalence of proteinuria and albuminuria among REPRIEVE participants and evaluate associated risk factors. Design: Cross sectional analysis of a baseline sample of participants […]

Abstract Background: Little is known about the potential benefits or harms of statins on physical function among people with HIV (PWH). Methods: REPRIEVE was a double-blind randomized controlled […]

Abstract Background Coronary plaque is common among people with HIV (PWH) with low-to-moderate traditional atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. Objectives The purpose of this study was […]

Abstract The Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE) (Aug. 24 issue of NEJM) was a global trial that assessed pitavastatin calcium as compared […]

Abstract Background People with HIV (PWH) have a high burden of coronary plaques; however, the comparison to people without known HIV (PwoH) needs clarification. Objectives The […]

Abstract Background  Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death among the 38.4 million people with HIV globally. The extent to which cardiovascular polygenic risk […]

Abstract Importance  Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increased in people with HIV (PWH) and is characterized by premature noncalcified coronary plaque. In the Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular […]

Abstract Key Points Clonal hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential (CHIP), the clonal expansion of myeloid cells with leukemogenic mutations, results in increased coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. […]

Abstract Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity is associated with poor outcomes, including physical function impairment, in people without HIV. We examined associations between CMV IgG titer and […]

Abstract Plasma VEGF coreceptor neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) had the largest association with coronary plaque in the Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE) proteomics analysis. […]

Abstract Background Hepatic steatosis, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is common among people with HIV (PWH). We present baseline steatosis prevalence and cardiometabolic characteristics among […]

Abstract Background The risk of cardiovascular disease is increased among persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), so data regarding primary prevention strategies in this population are […]

Abstract Background Pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) may influence plaque development through inflammatory mechanisms. We assessed PCAT density, as a measure of pericoronary inflammation, in relationship to […]

Abstract Objective Skeletal muscle quality and mass are important for maintaining physical function during advancing age. We leveraged baseline data from REPRIEVE to evaluate whether paraspinal muscle density […]

Abstract Background Mechanisms contributing to COVID-19 severity in people with HIV (PWH) are poorly understood. We evaluated temporal changes in plasma proteins following SARS-CoV-2 infection and […]

Abstract Inflammasome activation is increased in people with HIV (PWH), but its relationship with coronary plaque is poorly understood in this setting. In a large HIV […]

Abstract Weight gain with longer-term INSTI-based regimens remains unknown. Over 2-years of follow-up in REPRIEVE, INSTI use was associated with weight gain among those on an […]

Abstract People with HIV (PWH) appear at higher risk for suboptimal pathogen responses and worse COVID-19 outcomes, but the effects of host factors and COVID-19 on […]

Abstract Background REPRIEVE, the Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV, is a multicenter, primary prevention trial evaluating whether a statin can prevent major cardiovascular […]

Abstract Objective To investigate relationships between Life’s Simple 7 (LS7), an assessment of cardiovascular health (CVH), and coronary plaque among people with HIV (PWH). Methods Coronary […]

Abstract Background Among people with HIV (PWH), sex-differences in presentations of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) may be influenced by differences in coronary plaque parameters, immune/inflammatory biomarkers, […]

Abstract Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is thought to result in increased immune activation in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PWH). Although some data have linked […]

Abstract Objective To characterize diet quality across a global cohort of people with HIV (PWH). Design Cross-sectional analysis. Methods Leveraging REPRIEVE data from baseline across five Global Burden […]

Abstract Background People with HIV (PWH) have subclinical coronary artery disease (CAD) despite low traditional atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk scores. Coronary plaque in PWH presents […]

Abstract Background Limited data are available regarding asymptomatic COVID-19 among people with HIV (PWH). Data on a representative subset of PWH enrolled in REPRIEVE, a global clinical trial […]

Abstract Background We sought to explore multinational differences in functional status by Global Burden of Disease (GBD) regions in the REPRIEVE cohort. Methods REPRIEVE is a […]

Abstract Background Among ART-treated people with HIV (PWH), persistent systemic immune activation contributes to atherogenesis, cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, and mortality. Factors associated with key immune […]

Abstract Background People with HIV (PWH) are at increased risk for cardiovasvular disease (CVD) and sudden cardiac death. Prior work has suggested an association between HIV […]

Abstract Little is known regarding COVID-19 vaccination rates in people with HIV (PWH), a vulnerable population with significant morbidity from COVID-19. We assessed COVID-19 vaccination rates […]

Abstract Background Emerging data demonstrate that the use of integrase inhibitor (INSTI)-based antiretroviral treatment (ART) is associated with increased weight, but the cardiometabolic health consequences of […]

Abstract Background In addition to traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, antiretroviral therapy, lifestyle, and HIV-related factors may contribute to future CV events in persons with HIV […]

Key Points Question  What is the extent of coronary artery disease among people with well-controlled HIV and low to moderate risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and […]

The Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE) is the largest study of cardiovascular disease in human immunodeficiency virus. Enrolling 7770 participants from 2015 […]

Background: Patterns of antiretroviral therapy (ART) use and immunologic correlates vary globally, and contemporary trends are not well described. Methods: The REPRIEVE trial (Randomized Trial to […]

Background: Reproductive aging may contribute to cardiometabolic comorbid conditions. We integrated data on gynecologic history with levels of an ovarian reserve marker (anti-müllerian hormone [AMH)] to […]

Abstract: Because persons who identify across the transgender spectrum (PATS) are a key population in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) yet are under-reported in HIV and cardiovascular […]

Background: Chronic kidney disease is a common comorbid condition among persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH). We characterized baseline kidney function in the REPRIEVE (Randomized […]

Background: People with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) are at risk for accelerated development of physical function impairment and frailty; both associated with increased risk of falls, […]

Background: People with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) face increased risks for heart failure and adverse heart failure outcomes. Myocardial steatosis predisposes to diastolic dysfunction, a heart […]

Background: The Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE) is a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, designed to test whether a statin medication can prevent […]

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is more frequent among people with HIV (PWH) and may relate to traditional and nontraditional factors, including inflammation and immune activation. A critical need […]

Background: The REPRIEVE Mechanistic Substudy (A5333s) represents the first large, randomized, CCTA-based assessment of the effects of a primary prevention strategy for CVD on high-risk CAD, […]

Background: Women’s under-representation in HIV and cardiovascular disease (CVD) research suggests a need for novel strategies to ensure robust representation of women in HIV-associated CVD research. […]